Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram
Telegram profile photo for کافه مارکتینگ◾️

Channel

کافه مارکتینگ◾️

@kafemarketing_official

On this record: Topic · Previous handles · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Citations · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry

11,061subscribers

+191 since we began measuring on 5 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 10,000–31,623.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001047145442
TypeChannel
Username@kafemarketing_official
Description"کافه مارکتینگ" رسانه مستقل جامعه بازاریابی و تبلیغات ایران * بخش های کاملا تخصصی و اختصاصی * ارزش گذاری تبلیغات ایران * نقد کارشناسی سایت www.KafeMarketing.com ادمین (استعلام تعرفه تبلیغات) @KafeMarketingAdmin ارتباط مستقیم 09126508371
Created22 February 2016 — measured — cross-checked against a third-party dataset (TGDataset)
First recorded6 August 2026
Last confirmed live8 November 2026
Measurements held58
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 8 November 2026
On Telegramt.me/kafemarketing_official

Topic

Marketing & affiliate — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-FP8, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 11 September 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 95% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and the other topics.

Previous handles

Recorded in 2019 as “کافه بازاریابی | تبلیغات” — the title held for this same channel (matched by Telegram id, not by handle) in the Pushshift Telegram Dataset, a third-party archive captured in 2019-2020, years before this register made its own first observation. CC BY 4.0, Baumgartner, Zannettou, Squire & Blackburn (2020), Zenodo. A third party’s dated snapshot, not a measurement this register made itself.

Growth

10,87011,06610,9685 August 2026 — 10,870 subscribers6 August 2026 — 10,870 subscribers6 August 2026 — 10,873 subscribers7 August 2026 — 10,875 subscribers8 August 2026 — 10,883 subscribers9 August 2026 — 10,884 subscribers10 August 2026 — 10,886 subscribers11 August 2026 — 10,894 subscribers12 August 2026 — 10,900 subscribers13 August 2026 — 10,902 subscribers14 August 2026 — 10,905 subscribers16 August 2026 — 10,920 subscribers17 August 2026 — 10,919 subscribers18 August 2026 — 10,916 subscribers19 August 2026 — 10,919 subscribers20 August 2026 — 10,925 subscribers21 August 2026 — 10,931 subscribers22 August 2026 — 10,947 subscribers24 August 2026 — 10,946 subscribers25 August 2026 — 10,939 subscribers26 August 2026 — 10,932 subscribers27 August 2026 — 10,935 subscribers28 August 2026 — 10,944 subscribers29 August 2026 — 10,942 subscribers30 August 2026 — 10,944 subscribers1 September 2026 — 10,949 subscribers2 September 2026 — 10,951 subscribers3 September 2026 — 10,956 subscribers5 September 2026 — 10,962 subscribers8 September 2026 — 10,974 subscribers11 September 2026 — 10,980 subscribers13 September 2026 — 10,979 subscribers14 September 2026 — 10,986 subscribers16 September 2026 — 10,993 subscribers18 September 2026 — 11,001 subscribers30 September 2026 — 11,029 subscribers6 October 2026 — 11,034 subscribers10 October 2026 — 11,039 subscribers13 October 2026 — 11,049 subscribers15 October 2026 — 11,043 subscribers16 October 2026 — 11,041 subscribers16 October 2026 — 11,047 subscribers19 October 2026 — 11,051 subscribers19 October 2026 — 11,048 subscribers21 October 2026 — 11,051 subscribers22 October 2026 — 11,059 subscribers25 October 2026 — 11,063 subscribers26 October 2026 — 11,059 subscribers28 October 2026 — 11,062 subscribers29 October 2026 — 11,060 subscribers30 October 2026 — 11,062 subscribers1 November 2026 — 11,064 subscribers2 November 2026 — 11,066 subscribers3 November 2026 — 11,059 subscribers4 November 2026 — 11,054 subscribers5 November 2026 — 11,061 subscribers7 November 2026 — 11,057 subscribers8 November 2026 — 11,061 subscribers11,0615 August 20268 November 2026
58 measurements spanning 95 days, net +191. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 10,841–11,095 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 58
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
8 Nov 2026, 21:0511,061+4
7 Nov 2026, 13:0611,057-4
5 Nov 2026, 11:2711,061+7
4 Nov 2026, 08:0811,054-5
3 Nov 2026, 07:2011,059-7
2 Nov 2026, 08:3811,066+2
1 Nov 2026, 09:1611,064+2
30 Oct 2026, 10:2011,062+2
29 Oct 2026, 09:4911,060-2
28 Oct 2026, 07:0811,062+3
26 Oct 2026, 12:4511,059-4
25 Oct 2026, 09:5811,063+4
22 Oct 2026, 10:0611,059+8
21 Oct 2026, 00:5711,051+3
19 Oct 2026, 23:1611,048-3
19 Oct 2026, 00:3411,051+4
16 Oct 2026, 23:3411,047+6
16 Oct 2026, 02:1911,041-2
15 Oct 2026, 00:4111,043-6
13 Oct 2026, 21:0011,049first reading

Engagement

99 posts held, back to 25 July 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 55 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
8.06%
avg views ÷ 11,061 subscribers
Avg views / post
891
35 posts measured
Reaction rate
0.563%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
35
of 99 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate. It is computed over the 33 of 35 measured posts that carry a reaction reading, and over those same posts' views.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 8 November 2026
Posts held99 (25 July 2026 – 8 November 2026)
Views total31,196
Reactions total166
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken9 Nov 2026, 21:04 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Photos
≈15,500
Videos
≈1,920
Links
≈1,660

Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 9 November 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. A count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints these counters in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈142,000 means somewhere between 141,500 and 142,499.

Video runtime
19m 49s
Average length
1m 03s

Measured directly from 19 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.

Reaction mix

729 reactions across 90 posts, in 9 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 24.0% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
❤17524.0%
👍17323.7%
👏11515.8%
😁10915.0%
👎9112.5%
🤬425.76%
😢131.78%
🥴101.37%
⚡10.137%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 94 of the 99 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 741 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 99 most recent posts we hold, published 25 July 2026 to 8 November 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

Telegram’s own ‘edited’ marker: 10 of 35 posts held from the last 30 days (28.6%) carried it when this register last read them. The marker says a post was changed after publishing, not what it said before — this register holds the earlier wording only where an edit fell between two of its own reads (see the edit ledger and how it is measured).

8 Nov 2026, 13:44 UTC489 views5 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Video

⬛️ خودرو۴۵ و راز کمپین‌های سریالی؛ وقتی سرعت معنا پیدا می‌کند 📌 خودرو۴۵ برای چهارمین بار متوالی کمپینی با کانسپت «سرعت» را اکران کرده است؛ رویکردی که به‌وضوح نشان‌دهندهٔ تلاش این برند برای تثبیت مفهوم «فروش سریع خودرو» در ذهن مخاطب است. در ویدیوی اخیر، ابعاد مختلف این کمپین و استراتژی‌های ارتباطی آن را مورد بررسی قرار داده‌ایم. در نهایت، ریشهٔ یک تبلیغ اثرگذار در «عملکرد برنده» است؛ چرا که حتی بهترین طراحی‌ها و ایده…

👏3❤2

8 Nov 2026, 10:41 UTC599 views1 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛️ اختلال موقت در دامنه .com تترلند 📌 دسترسی به نشانی tetherland .com موقتا با اختلال روبه‌رو شده است. کاربران این سایت می‌توانند در این مدت برای استفاده از خدمات، از نشانی tetherland .ir استفاده کنند. ▪️کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه مستقل @kafemarketing_official

👍1

8 Nov 2026, 09:57 UTC622 views9 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛️ دیوال به جای دیوار 📌 افغانستان یه نرم‌افزار مشابه دیوار ساخته است به نام «دیوال». برگفته از اپ ایرانی دیوار که در کشورمان بسیار معروف است. ▪️کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه مستقل @kafemarketing_official

😁5❤2👍1👎1

7 Nov 2026, 19:26 UTC703 views4 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛️ محک ویزا برای خرید با هوش مصنوعی: دستیارهای هوشمند در ۴۳ درصد خریدها رد شدند 📌 ویزا نخستین معیار صنعتی برای سنجش خرید با هوش مصنوعی را منتشر کرد. ۲۲ مدل هوش مصنوعی در ۱۵ مأموریت خرید واقعی آزموده شدند و نتیجه برای برندهایی که روی «تجارت عامل‌محور» حساب باز کرده‌اند، هشداردهنده است. 🔸 میانگین موفقیت مدل‌ها ۵۷.۲ درصد بود؛ بهترین مدل ۸۲.۲ و ضعیف‌ترین ۲۸.۹ درصد. 🔸 فقط در ۳۴.۲ درصد سناریوها مدل‌ها هر سه بار موفق شدند…

❤3👍1

7 Nov 2026, 15:41 UTC715 views3 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

🔴 ثبت‌نام محدود | دوره جامع تربیت کارشناس حرفه‌ای سیستم‌ها و روش‌ها 🚀 فرصتی ارزشمند برای ورود به مسیر شغلی تخصصی و ارتقای مهارت‌های حرفه‌ای 🏢 برگزارکننده: شرکت مهندسین مشاور کاین 📅 زمان: 23 تا 28 آبان 1405 ⏱️ مدت: 48 ساعت | 6 جلسه 💻 برگزاری: حضوری و آنلاین 📜 همراه گواهینامه 📞 ثبت‌نام: https://kayen-co.com/q742?utm_source=jaryan&utm_campaign=103997&utm_content=kafemarketing_official&utm_medium=tg-reach-post&utm_term=

❤1👍1👎1

7 Nov 2026, 06:04 UTC815 views10 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛ ولکام پک؛ امضای اول کارفرما 📌 ولکام پک فقط چند هدیه با لوگوی شرکت نیست؛ اولین تجربه‌ی واقعی نیروی جدید از سازمان و قدم اول یک آنبوردینگ حرفه‌ای است. 🟠 ولکام پک چیست و چه فایده‌ای دارد؟ 🟠 در کدام مراحل آنبوردینگ به کار می‌آید؟ 🟠 ۷ نمونه از ولکام پک برندهای ایرانی جزئیات کامل این تحلیل را در کافه مارکتینگ بخوانید. ◾ کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه مستقل @kafemarketing_official

❤8👍1👏1

6 Nov 2026, 15:33 UTC794 views11 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Video

⬛️ دلسوزی برای یک آگهی 📌 درباره آگهی هایی که آدم با دیدنشان دلش به درد می آید! در ویدیویی دیگر به شکل کاملتر به این ژانر خواهم پرداخت. این یکی اما واقعا دلسوزی دارد! ▪️کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه مستقل @kafemarketing_official

👍7❤2👏1🥴1

5 Nov 2026, 11:29 UTC915 views9 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛️ خداحافظی رونالدو از تیم ملی؛ برندی که می‌ماند 📌 کریستیانو رونالدو پس از ۲۳ سال، با ۲۴۳ بازی و ۱۴۶ گل، از تیم ملی پرتغال خداحافظی کرد. او در پیامش به‌جای آمار و رکورد، از «جایگاه در قلب مردم» گفت؛ همان دارایی‌ای که برند شخصی او را ماندگار کرده است. 🟠 نخستین فوتبالیست میلیاردر به برآورد بلومبرگ 🟠 برند CR7؛ از پوشاک و هتل تا باشگاه‌های ورزشی جزئیات کامل این خبر را در کافه مارکتینگ بخوانید. ◾️ کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه…

❤7👍1👏1

4 Nov 2026, 15:27 UTC936 views4 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

شرکت تبلیغاتی ما به‌منظور توسعه تیم فروش خود، از افراد باانگیزه، فعال و علاقه‌مند به حوزه تبلیغات و بازاریابی دعوت به همکاری می‌کند. 🔹 عنوان شغلی: کارشناس فروش شرایط و مهارت‌های موردنیاز: • روابط عمومی و فن بیان قوی • توانایی مذاکره و متقاعدسازی مشتریان • علاقه‌مند به حوزه فروش، تبلیغات و بازاریابی • مسئولیت‌پذیر، پیگیر و دارای روحیه کار تیمی • توانایی جذب مشتری و توسعه ارتباطات تجاری • داشتن سابقه کار فروش مزیت م…

❤2👏1🥴1

4 Nov 2026, 14:29 UTC821 views4 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

🔵 دوره آموزشی هوش مصنوعی در برندسازی 🚀 برندتان را با ترکیب خلاقیت انسانی و هوش مصنوعی، هوشمندتر و متمایزتر بسازید! در این دوره با کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در استراتژی برند، طراحی هویت بصری و تولید محتوای هوشمند آشنا می‌شوید. 👥 مناسب: مدیران کسب‌وکار، بازاریابان، طراحان و.. 👨🏻‍🏫 مدرسان: المیرا فاتح و مجتبی حسن‌پور 📅 شروع: ۲۶ آبان 💻 برگزاری: آنلاین | ۲ جلسه ۴ ساعته 🏛 گواهینامه قابل ترجمه از سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی صنعتی شر…

❤3👍1

4 Nov 2026, 14:23 UTC739 views2 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

🎧 پادکست «مسیر رشد کسب‌وکار» | قسمت 2 (4 دقیقه) افسانه‌ی بنیان‌گذار نابغه؛ آیا برای استارتاپ بزرگ باید ترک تحصیل کرد؟ با داده‌های 3 هزار استارتاپ، نقش تجربه، تخصص و یادگیری سریع را بررسی می‌کنیم. 📅 هر هفته یک قسمت تازه www.BabakMohammadpour.ir https://t.me/BabakMohammadpour_ir

👍2

4 Nov 2026, 12:16 UTC825 views2 reactionsread 9 November 2026
Photo

⬛ جود بلینگهام چهره تازه کلوین کلاین شد 📌 کلوین کلاین کمپین جهانی لباس زیر «Icon Cotton Stretch» را با حضور ستاره‌ی انگلیسی رئال مادرید رونمایی کرد؛ نخستین همکاری بلینگهام با این برند آمریکایی. 🟠 شعار کمپین: «آیکونِ زیرین»؛ اعتمادبه‌نفس از احساس راحتی شروع می‌شود 🟠 اجرا در فروشگاه‌ها، شبکه‌های اجتماعی و تبلیغات محیطی سراسر جهان جزئیات کامل این خبر را در کافه مارکتینگ بخوانید. ◾ کافه مارکتینگ، رسانه مستقل @kafemar…

❤2

Showing the 12 most recent of 99 posts we hold for @kafemarketing_official. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Forward network

Built only from forwarded posts we have actually read, on both sides. Coverage is early and deliberately incomplete: a missing link means we have not read the post that would prove it, never that the relationship does not exist. Counts are distinct forwarded posts observed, so they only ever go up as we read more.

Mentions

Named by 8 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

NovinHub | نوین هاب
@novinhub · 49,946
Telegram ranks this channel #2 of 86 here — alongside 85 others — read 23 August 2026
Snapp | اسنپ
@snappofficial · 68,585
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 74 here — alongside 73 others — read 13 September 2026
مجله | خلاقیت، بدون مرز
@AR_NOSRATI · 48,877
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 26 August 2026
مدیران ایران | آموزش مدیریت کسب وکار |modiriran 🕊
@modiriran · 34,253
Telegram ranks this channel #7 of 94 here — alongside 93 others — read 2 September 2026
دانشگاه بازاریابی
@iranmarketinguniversity · 111,748
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 15 August 2026
بازاریابی، مذاکره تجاری و فروش
@lect_negotio · 24,172
Telegram ranks this channel #12 of 82 here — alongside 81 others — read 18 September 2026
مسعود محمدی | کوچ تحول 🦋
@howtochangemybelief · 19,615
Telegram ranks this channel #15 of 79 here — alongside 78 others — read 27 September 2026
ایده‌های جدید و خلاقانه محتوا - محمد مهدی میرزایی
@contentideass · 30,184
Telegram ranks this channel #15 of 79 here — alongside 78 others — read 6 September 2026
ترفند مدیریت
@tarfandemodiriat · 104,027
Telegram ranks this channel #15 of 94 here — alongside 93 others — read 15 August 2026
هوش مصنوعی | Ehsaneshooon
@EhsaneshooonTG · 32,159
Telegram ranks this channel #16 of 79 here — alongside 78 others — read 3 September 2026
مدیریت رفتار سازمانی
@organizationalbehavior · 31,746
Telegram ranks this channel #21 of 96 here — alongside 95 others — read 5 September 2026
بیشتر‌ از‌ یک‌ نفر | پیام بهرام پور
@bishtarazyek · 50,432
Telegram ranks this channel #25 of 81 here — alongside 80 others — read 28 August 2026
نازنین🥀پدرام🥀دنس🥀همدانی🥀بت🥀
@nazaninhamadani · 14,409
Telegram ranks this channel #37 of 61 here — alongside 60 others — read 4 October 2026
بانکی شو
@Banki_show · 47,919
Telegram ranks this channel #44 of 90 here — alongside 89 others — read 1 September 2026
مدرسه نویسندگی|شاهین کلانتری
@shahinkalantari · 20,349
Telegram ranks this channel #47 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 27 September 2026
ترجمان علوم انسانى
@tarjomaanweb · 77,764
Telegram ranks this channel #47 of 96 here — alongside 95 others — read 29 August 2026
Mediaweb | مدیا وب
@mediaweb1 · 21,645
Telegram ranks this channel #51 of 69 here — alongside 68 others — read 21 September 2026
Mindq
@mindqinfo · 27,384
Telegram ranks this channel #52 of 84 here — alongside 83 others — read 10 September 2026
مدیر وب - آموزش سئو و هوش مصنوعی
@modireweb · 49,237
Telegram ranks this channel #59 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 11 September 2026
کانال صادق الحسینی
@Sadegh_Alhosseini · 56,194
Telegram ranks this channel #82 of 99 here — alongside 98 others — read 23 August 2026

This channel appears in 20 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 8 November 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“کافه مارکتینگ◾️” (@kafemarketing_official), 11,061 subscribers as measured 8 November 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/kafemarketing_official.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.