Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram
Telegram profile photo for Crypto Expert

Channel

Crypto Expert

@cryptoexpert

On this record: Topic · Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Posts recorded as deleted · Citations · Telegram's recommendations · Cite this entry

102,447subscribers

-729 since we began measuring on 9 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 100,000–316,228.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001362742292
TypeChannel
Username@cryptoexpert
DescriptionCrypto Trading & News channel. Promotion contact: @Frankdefi
CreatedBetween 1 March 2018 and 31 July 2021 — estimated from Telegram’s id allocation, not measured. How this range is calculated.
First recorded9 August 2026
Last confirmed live11 November 2026
Measurements held62
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 11 November 2026
On Telegramt.me/cryptoexpert

Topic

Crypto & trading — a classification, not a measurement. An on-box language model (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q6_K_XL, prompt version 1) read this channel’s own recent posts on 10 August 2026 and assigned it the closest of 31 fixed categories, at 100% confidence. This is a model’s judgement about what the channel is likely to be about, not a fact this register measured the way a subscriber count or a view count is measured — it can be revised on a later pass, and it carries no weight anywhere else on this page. How this classification works, and the other topics.

Growth

90,092121,816105,954102,4479 August 202611 November 2026
62 measurements spanning 94 days, net -729. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 85,333–126,575 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded, most recent 20 of 62
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
11 Nov 2026, 04:09102,447-609
9 Nov 2026, 08:38103,056-636
8 Nov 2026, 02:54103,692-734
7 Nov 2026, 02:18104,426-324
6 Nov 2026, 00:46104,750-422
4 Nov 2026, 23:49105,172-375
3 Nov 2026, 23:48105,547-200
2 Nov 2026, 23:20105,747-212
2 Nov 2026, 02:08105,959+4,905
1 Nov 2026, 01:38101,054-329
31 Oct 2026, 02:54101,383-548
30 Oct 2026, 05:59101,931-1,007
29 Oct 2026, 03:18102,938-421
28 Oct 2026, 04:49103,359-264
27 Oct 2026, 08:16103,623-298
26 Oct 2026, 09:56103,921-391
25 Oct 2026, 06:35104,312-212
24 Oct 2026, 05:56104,524-488
23 Oct 2026, 09:28105,012-254
22 Oct 2026, 09:07105,266first reading

Engagement

38 posts held, back to 20 May 2026 — the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 193 pages of Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
30.2%
avg views ÷ 102,447 subscribers
Avg views / post
30,900
3 posts measured
Reaction rate
6.92%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
3
of 38 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views — note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 8 November 2026
Posts held38 (20 May 2026 – 8 November 2026)
Views total92,700
Reactions total6,415
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken11 Nov 2026, 07:39 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Photos
555
Videos
50
Links
537

Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 11 November 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. Below Telegram’s rounding threshold, so these counts are exact.

Video runtime
31s
Average length
16s

Measured directly from 2 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no ≈ mark.

Reaction mix

87,021 reactions across 38 posts, in 8 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 14.5% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
❤12,62214.5%
🔥12,56014.4%
🥰12,42814.3%
🎉12,41314.3%
🤩12,33214.2%
👍12,32614.2%
😍12,18514.0%
👏1550.178%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 38 of the 38 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 87,021 reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 38 most recent posts we hold, published 20 May 2026 to 8 November 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

Telegram’s own ‘edited’ marker: 1 of 3 posts held from the last 30 days (33.3%) carried it when this register last read them. The marker says a post was changed after publishing, not what it said before — this register holds the earlier wording only where an edit fell between two of its own reads (see the edit ledger and how it is measured).

8 Nov 2026, 22:59 UTC≈11,100 views2,409 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 CZ Warns of Fake Trust Wallet Site, $1.1M iPhone Exploit Binance co-founder Changpeng Zhao has flagged a fraudulent Trust Wallet website engineered to lure users into connecting their wallets — handing attackers direct access to their funds. Separately, security researcher Anurag has raised concerns about a $1.1 million exploit targeting iPhone users in what appears to be a related wave of crypto phishing activity…

❤394🔥367🥰348👍346🤩339🎉333😍282

22 Oct 2026, 21:51 UTC≈39,600 views2,004 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 Drift Hacker Moves $61M ETH Through Tornado Cash The exploiter behind April's Drift Protocol hack has resurfaced, routing roughly 25,700 ETH (~$61.6M) through Tornado Cash two months after the attack. Five Etherscan-labeled wallets still hold ~84,164 ETH (~$194M), so this is laundering in progress, not a clean exit. The April 1 hack caused ~$295M in losses and was later attributed to a North Korean threat group i…

🥰308😍306👍292❤287🔥282🤩282🎉247

16 Oct 2026, 11:28 UTC≈42,000 views2,002 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

Discover daGama: Your Guide to Authentic Adventures with Blockchain and AI ⚡️ Are you tired of sifting through fake reviews or generic travel recommendations that miss the mark? Meet daGama, a game-changing Real World Locations (RWL) platform that’s here to revolutionize how you explore the world. Powered by blockchain and AI, daGama connects travelers, adventurers, and local experts like you to share authentic expe…

🎉330❤303👍282🤩281🔥280😍265🥰261

10 Oct 2026, 21:33 UTC≈37,800 views2,002 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 6M BTC Exposed to Keys — AI Crypto Threat Grows Over 6 million Bitcoin sit behind exposed public keys, according to fresh figures from Glassnode co-founder Jan Happel — making them theoretically vulnerable if cryptographic protections are ever broken. Ethereum researcher Justin Drake is now urging the industry to prepare for potential AI-driven attacks on wallet cryptography before that threat becomes real. No im…

👍305🤩301🥰297🎉282😍280🔥277❤260

2 Oct 2026, 00:09 UTC≈30,400 views2,008 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 Bitcoin Stuck at $84K as Yields Weigh Bitcoin is treading water around $84K, with Treasury yields near multi-year highs keeping a lid on non-yielding assets — crypto included. Analysts also flag elevated crude prices as an additional headwind. The silver lining: spot Bitcoin ETFs have logged eight consecutive sessions of net inflows, suggesting institutional appetite hasn't evaporated. Whether that steady drip of…

❤301🎉295👍294🔥293😍282🥰273🤩270

24 Sept 2026, 21:21 UTC≈37,500 views2,010 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 SEC Greenlights Tokenized Stocks on Onchain AMMs The SEC issued a five-year conditional exemption allowing tokenized National Market System stocks to trade on permissioned automated market makers — a meaningful regulatory first for onchain equity markets. The same day, CFTC staff extended introducing-broker relief to passive software, widening the regulatory perimeter for crypto-adjacent infrastructure. Two agenc…

❤310🤩297😍291🎉290🥰283🔥271👍265👏3

18 Sept 2026, 21:21 UTC≈35,900 views4,008 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 Bitcoin Surges 5.88% — Short Squeeze Fuels the Run Bitcoin ripped 5.88% higher in a single session, blasting back toward its 2026 highs in a move driven in part by a fresh short squeeze. The charts confirm the momentum is real — but also flag that price has gotten ahead of itself. Classic bull-market problem to have.

😍600🥰598❤585🔥580🎉550👍548🤩544👏3

13 Sept 2026, 22:24 UTC≈31,800 views2,002 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 SBF takes FTX fraud case to the Supreme Court Sam Bankman-Fried has petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review his FTX fraud conviction, 25-year prison sentence, and roughly $11 billion forfeiture order. The move is a long shot — SCOTUS accepts a tiny fraction of petitions — but it keeps the FTX saga legally alive a little longer. Whether the highest court in the land wants any part of crypto's most spectacular …

🎉315👍315❤285🤩278🔥277🥰272😍260

7 Sept 2026, 22:12 UTC≈39,700 views2,002 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 SEC rewrites 1980s transfer-agent rules for blockchain era The SEC has proposed its first major overhaul of transfer-agent regulations in over four decades, explicitly addressing blockchain-based recordkeeping, tokenized securities, and automated market infrastructure. A 60-day public comment period follows the proposal. Rules largely unchanged since the 1980s governing how securities ownership is tracked and tra…

🔥308❤296🤩291🥰286😍280🎉275👍266

1 Sept 2026, 13:22 UTC≈44,400 views2,003 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

📣 Cronos Validators Wipe Transaction History After $75M Exploit Cronos validators took the drastic step of erasing transaction history to contain a $75 million lending protocol exploit — a network-wide pause that appears to have kept most affected assets on-chain. It's an extraordinary measure, and not one that inspires confidence in the chain's decentralization credentials. As of now, users have no restart timetab…

❤334🥰288🎉287🤩284👍276🔥267😍267

29 Aug 2026, 07:01 UTC≈43,700 views1,784 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

Now I get why Parimatch is #1 gaming platform in India! 🤩 1000+ casino games, cricket & sports betting, fast withdrawals — everything in one place! And the best part for me: you can deposit and withdraw directly with USDT or USDC 🔥 Want to try it yourself? Sign up through my link and grab your welcome bonus up to 1,200 USDT/USDC! Play with crypto on Parimatch 👉 https://bit.ly/cryptoexp-pm

🎉291🥰266🤩256😍240🔥239👍236❤233👏23

26 Aug 2026, 10:35 UTC≈41,600 views2,574 reactionsread 11 November 2026
Photo

One thing I like about crypto: you can actually use it! Tried using USDT for sports predictions on Parimatch before a game and the process was pretty straightforward 🔥 Pick the sport → choose your team → make a small prediction → done! Parimatch supports USDT, USDC and INR, so you can keep everything under one account! Grab your welcome bonus up to 200 USDT/USDC, pick your match & get in the game 👉 https://bit.ly/cr…

🎉382😍375🥰373❤366🔥361🤩354👍351👏12

Showing the 12 most recent of 38 posts we hold for @cryptoexpert. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked ≈ was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Posts recorded as deleted after publishing

We recorded 5 posts on @cryptoexpert as deleted — posts this register held that were missing from the channel’s public page on two separate reads, taken from different network addresses at least an hour apart.

A deletion is not wrongdoing. This register can see that a post it held is no longer on the channel’s public page, and when — not why. Expired ad placements, reposts, rotating links and corrections all look the same. This is a count of recorded detections, not an exact total: it misses deletions we could not see, because only a post we held and later re-read inside the page can be seen to go, and it may include a small number of wrong records. How this is measured.

First seen missing
21 August 2026
Most recent seen missing
9 November 2026
Median time before seen missing
3 days
Seen missing in the last 30 days
1

Mentions

Named by 1 registered channel — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it.

Named by

Channels on the register whose posts name this channel's handle.

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Channels Telegram recommends alongside this one

Telegram’s own answer, not this register’s. When this register asks Telegram’s API what is similar to this channel, this is the list it returns, in the exact order Telegram returns it — never re-sorted by subscribers or by anything else this register measures. The relationship, and the order, are Telegram’s; we record them and date them, and make no claim of our own about which of these channels actually resemble this one.

Crypto Gem 💎
@cryptogem · 100,640
#1
Bitcoin Industry
@bitcoin_industry · 416,021
#2
Crypto Retro
@crypto_retro · 378,336
#3
Crypto Miami 🌴🚀
@cryptomiami · 102,786
#4
Crypto Mountains
@crypto_mountains · 427,039
#5
Crypto Miami
@crypto_miami · 507,967
#6
CoinGape Crypto News
@coingape · 22,749
#7
Midnight Update Channel
@Midnight_Network_Official · 7,356
#8
Cointelegraph
@cointelegraph · 325,603
#9
Crypto VIP Signal
@CryptoVIPsignalTA · 314,043
#10
Airdrops For All - Crypto 🚀
@airdropforall · 122,971
#11
Trading Charts | Analysis & Signals
@tradingnews · 6,595
#12
🗞Soma crypto news 📰
@somalicryptocurrency7 · 705
#13
🚀 Alt Crypto Gems 💎
@Alt_Crypto_Gems · 10,282
#14
CryptoAI Signal
@CryptooAiSignal · 735
#15
📣 JEXchangeDefi Official Announcements Channel
@JEXAnnouncements · 579
#16
🚀💎GEMHUNTER💎🚀
@Gemhunterrs · 1,013,441
#17
B2C Crypto Calls & News
@b2cgroupofficial · 11,501
#18
KUBE - Announcements - A real utility token for real-life use
@kubecoinannouncements · 1,347
#19
Technical CRYPTO Analyst
@TechCryptoAnalyst · 308,245
#20
OneFinity - Announcements
@OneDexAnnouncementsOfficial · 429
#21
Crypto BreakOut Trader 🚀🚀
@CryptoBreakout_trader · 13,466
#22
Cardano Catalyst Announcements
@cardanocatalyst · 5,554
#23
Ethereum ™️ | ETH | News
@ethereumnews · 6,840
#24
Launchblock.com Announcements
@Launchblockann · 703
#25
SingularityNET Announcements
@snetann · 2,714
#26
De.Fi 🛡 Antivirus (Alert Channel)
@dedotfisecurity · 397
#27
Cryptoy ₿
@Cryptoy · 34,048
#28
SophiaVerse Announcements
@sophiaverseann · 1,239
#29
Cointelegraph Markets & Research
@CTMarkets · 12,176
#30
Klondike (Crypto Rush) ⚠️
@CryptoKlondike · 56,825
#31
Decentralized | Analytics
@DCNTRLZDIN · 442
#32
Forward Protocol
@ForwardProtocol · 43,809
#33
Altcoin Alerts
@Altcoin_Alerts · 15,019
#34
JUMPER STARS - TRADING CHANNEL (CRYPTO, STOCKS, FUTURES, FOREX)
@jstrading · 890
#35
Coin Bureau
@CoinBureau · 114,494
#36
Ta-da Announcements
@Ta_da_announcements · 15,448
#37
NuNet Announcements
@NuNet_global · 961
#38
MinswapDEX Official
@MinswapMafia · 2,103
#39
xExchange Announcements
@xExchangeAnn · 8,859
#40
Иван ПалЫч || Продажи. БИЗНЕ$$. Инструменты
@ivantipbiz · 455
#41
ITInvest (открытая группа)
@ITInvest_free · 176
#42
MultiversX - Announcements
@MultiversXAnn · 270,017
#43
Crypto-Крипта | Новости, прогнозы и аналитика
@Proffit_crypto · 64,076
#44
MultiversX Insight
@MvXinsight · 1,612
#45
🥑 IOG DEV Announcements
@IOdevannouncements · 367
#46
ሁለገብ የቴክ ኢንፎ/hulgeb tech info®
@tecnologye · 685
#47
PROTEO Defi Announcements
@ProteoDefiAnn · 523
#48
Romania News - Support Only
@BinanceRomaniaAnunturi · 3,217
#49
Invertir en Préstamos P2P | Noticias
@invertirenp2p · 1,691
#50
Crypto Pump Club 📈
@crypto_pumps_p · 189,067
#51
Криптопатолог | Новости | Инвестиции
@criptopatolog · 78,230
#52
🅰️ Wacy Time
@AW_Time · 11,733
#53
FX & Crypto Free Trades
@cryptowhalemadihakarim · 622
#54
Crypto Profit Coach™
@cryptoprofitcoach · 24,006
#55
Торговля в среднесрок
@btctradingmidterm · 1,079
#56
Moongangs Calls
@moongangcalls · 1,929
#57
Marketapp
@marketapp_ru · 5,807
#58
CRYPTO FLIP 🔗
@CryptoFlipChannel · 3,612
#59
Empowa Announcements
@empowa_io · 723
#60
Биткоин Для Взрослых
@bitcoin4adults · 1,600
#61
Luis Elvis Tips 💯
@LuisElvisVideos · 534
#62
𝗕𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗣𝘂𝗺𝗽 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿™
@BinancePumpTracker · 14,259
#63
ASI Announcements - Artificial SuperIntelligence Alliance
@ASI_announcements · 4,214
#64
CandyPriceAlert
@candypriced · 229
#65
TON Persons
@persons_ton · 136
#66
Génération.s
@infosgenerations · 886
#67
Coinact.gg | Major Crypto Transfers
@cngg_transfers · 1,193
#68
ЛЕСОМШЛИ
@lesomshlisochi · 575
#69
📣 Mobilisation climat - Alternatiba / ANV-COP21 ✊
@AlternatibaANVCOP21 · 876
#70
IMMS انجمن صنفی دریانوردان ایران
@imms1 · 2,225
#71
Ораторский клуб ГЛАГОЛЪ | Ораторское искусство Уфа
@bankirov · 173
#72
«Асыл Арман» тұрғын массиві.
@asyl_arman_2014 · 709
#73
EDGE Premium Fitness
@edgepremiumfitness · 672
#74
Партнёрка | Бенч · ФОДЖИН
@partners_fojin · 545
#75
جزین
@jazin · 2,235
#76
Islam Paix Islam Peace
@IslamPaixPeace · 1,700
#77
Рабочие Уфа
@rabotyagi_102 · 2,385
#78
Aziz Mahmud Hüdayi Vakfı
@hudayivakfi · 2,042
#79
КАНАЛ Проект Перезагрузка
@reboot_pro · 1,125
#80
M&A на Гоголевском
@ma_nagogolevskom · 1,076
#81

Read from Telegram’s recommendation API, most recently 15 August 2026. Telegram holds a list like this for a small and growing share of the register — how this is measured, and why most channel pages show nothing here.

Appears in Telegram’s recommendations for other channels

The reverse of the list above, and a different kind of signal. This does not require this channel to have ever been asked about directly — each row below is a channel we DID ask Telegram about, whose Telegram-generated list happened to include this one. A channel can appear here with an empty list above it, because being named by someone else’s query is independent of having been queried itself.

Crypto Gem 💎
@cryptogem · 100,640
Telegram ranks this channel #3 of 75 here — alongside 74 others — read 15 August 2026
Airdrops For All - Crypto 🚀
@airdropforall · 122,971
Telegram ranks this channel #5 of 59 here — alongside 58 others — read 13 August 2026
Crypto Miami 🌴🚀
@cryptomiami · 102,786
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 71 here — alongside 70 others — read 15 August 2026
Crypto Retro
@crypto_retro · 378,336
Telegram ranks this channel #6 of 78 here — alongside 77 others — read 10 August 2026
Crypto Miami
@crypto_miami · 507,967
Telegram ranks this channel #8 of 95 here — alongside 94 others — read 9 August 2026
Bitcoin Industry
@bitcoin_industry · 416,021
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 80 here — alongside 79 others — read 10 August 2026
Crypto Mountains
@crypto_mountains · 427,039
Telegram ranks this channel #9 of 88 here — alongside 87 others — read 10 August 2026
Криптопатолог | Новости | Инвестиции
@criptopatolog · 78,230
Telegram ranks this channel #82 of 95 here — alongside 94 others — read 18 August 2026
Crypto-Крипта | Новости, прогнозы и аналитика
@Proffit_crypto · 64,076
Telegram ranks this channel #84 of 91 here — alongside 90 others — read 22 August 2026

This channel appears in 9 seed channels' Telegram-generated recommendation lists in total. Each is Telegram’s list for THAT channel, not this one — see how this is measured.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 11 November 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“Crypto Expert” (@cryptoexpert), 102,447 subscribers as measured 11 November 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/cryptoexpert.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.