Telegram RegisterThe public register of Telegram

Channel

BuxDU •БухГУ •BukhSU

@buxdu_uz

On this record: Growth · Engagement · What this channel posts · Reactions · Posts · Citations · Cite this entry

16,670subscribers

+550 since we began measuring on 6 August 2026

Risers and fallers across the register · movement among entries of 10,000–31,623.

Register entry

Telegram ID-1001116299567
TypeChannel
Username@buxdu_uz
Description• Buxoro davlat universiteti • Бухарский государственный университет • Bukhara state university Buxoro davlat universiteti Axborot xizmati bo'limi boshlig'i Otabek Jalolov @BuxDUMatbuotkotibi_bot www.buxdu.uz +998 65 221-29-14 +99865 221-26-85
Created8 September 2018measured — cross-checked against a third-party dataset (ext.tg_channel)
First recorded6 August 2026
Last confirmed live12 August 2026
Measurements held8
Confirmed unchanged1 time, most recently 12 August 2026
On Telegramt.me/buxdu_uz

Growth

15,68116,67016,175.56 August 2026 — 16,120 subscribers6 August 2026 — 16,070 subscribers7 August 2026 — 15,969 subscribers8 August 2026 — 15,839 subscribers9 August 2026 — 15,782 subscribers10 August 2026 — 15,744 subscribers11 August 2026 — 15,681 subscribers12 August 2026 — 16,670 subscribers6 August 202612 August 2026
8 measurements spanning 6 days, net +550. Dots are measurements; the straight line between them is drawn to join them, not to claim we know the path taken in between — snapshots are recorded only when a count changes, so gaps mean “no change observed”, never “interpolated”. The vertical axis spans 15,533–16,818 and does not start at zero.
Measurement log — every subscribers count we have recorded
Measured (UTC)SubscribersChange
12 Aug 2026, 06:4516,670+989
11 Aug 2026, 10:0315,681-63
10 Aug 2026, 07:0215,744-38
9 Aug 2026, 06:4315,782-57
8 Aug 2026, 08:1715,839-130
7 Aug 2026, 11:5115,969-101
6 Aug 2026, 14:4716,070-50
6 Aug 2026, 02:4716,120first reading

Engagement

64 posts held, back to 5 August 2026the reader has not yet reached the start of this channel’s public history, so older posts may sit further back, unread. Read across 17 pagesof Telegram’s post history, 20 posts per page.

ERR · 30 days
5.64%
avg views ÷ 16,670 subscribers
Avg views / post
940
63 posts measured
Reaction rate
0.363%
reactions ÷ views · ER floor
Posts in window
64
of 64 held

ERR is average views per post over the last 30 days divided by subscribers, the definition TGStat uses, so this figure is comparable with the one you will see elsewhere. It falls structurally as a channel grows: a high ERR on a small channel and a low one on a large channel describe reach mathematics, not quality. We publish the figure and the sample it came from and pass no verdict on it.

ER is defined industry-wide as (forwards + reactions + comments) ÷ views— note the denominator is views, not subscribers. Telegram’s public web preview carries views and reactions but not forward or comment counts, so the reaction rate above is the reactions term only and is therefore a floor: the true ER for this channel is higher by an amount we have not measured and will not estimate. It is computed over the 53 of 63 measured posts that carry a reaction reading, and over those same posts' views.

What these figures were computed from
WindowRolling 30 days · latest post in window 12 August 2026
Posts held64 (5 August 202612 August 2026)
Views total59,248
Reactions total188
Forwards / commentsnot exposed by the public surface — not measured, not estimated
Readings taken13 Aug 2026, 00:52 UTC

Views are a single reading per post, taken at the time above. A post published in the last day or two is still accumulating views, which pulls the 30-day average down slightly. That is a property of the standard definition rather than a fault in it, so we keep the definition rather than “correcting” the number into something nobody can reproduce.

Precision. Telegram publishes view counts on its public widget in short form — 8.12K, 3.7M — so any reading at or above 1,000 reaches us rounded to three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. Averages and rates derived from them are shown to the same precision rather than to the unit: a figure like 3,701,250 would assert digits nobody measured.

Reaction counts are published per emoji and rounded the same way, so a total below 1,000 is exact and a larger one is a sum that may carry a rounded component from each emoji above 1,000. Because it is a sum, it does not look rounded — read a large reaction total as three significant figures per contributing emoji rather than as the figure it prints.

What this channel posts

Photos
83,800
Videos
7,400
Links
29,400

Lifetime counters from Telegram’s own channel header, read 13 August 2026 — not the date at the top of this page, which is when the subscriber count was last read. A count marked was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints these counters in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈142,000 means somewhere between 141,500 and 142,499.

Video runtime
20m 59s
Average length
1m 45s

Measured directly from 12 videos with a duration reading, out of the posts we hold for this channel — not this channel’s whole posting history, only the sample this register has actually read. An exact reading to the second, taken from the post itself rather than from Telegram’s own rounded chrome, so it carries no mark.

Reaction mix

164 reactions across 41 posts, in 7 distinct kinds. The most used accounts for 42.7% of them.

Every reaction kind recorded on the sample, most used first
ReactionCountShareShare, drawn
7042.7%
👍4929.9%
🔥2515.2%
👏159.15%
🎉31.83%
🤩10.61%
🥰10.61%

No sentiment is inferred, and none should be read in. This table is ordered by count and by nothing else. Emoji do not carry stable meaning across languages or communities — 🙏 is thanks in one channel and mourning in another — so we publish which ones were pressed and how often, and pass no judgement on what an audience meant by them.

Precision. Telegram publishes reaction counts per emoji and short-forms each one — 4.34K, 1.2M — so any single kind at or above 1,000 reaches us at three significant figures, and only counts below 1,000 are exact. The shares above are ratios of those figures and carry the same error. This is also why the total here can differ slightly from a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page: both are sums of the same rounded parts, taken over samples with different edges.

Coverage. Reactions were read on 53 of the 64 sampled posts in this sample. Summed by Telegram’s own count on each post — not by adding up the per-emoji breakdown above — those same posts carry 188reactions in total: the kind of figure the paragraph above means by “a reaction total printed elsewhere on the page”.

Measured over the 64 most recent posts we hold, published 5 August 2026 to 12 August 2026, using the newest reading held for each. Telegram Stars are excluded: they are a payment, not a reaction, and they have their own section.

Recent posts

12 Aug 2026, 17:07 UTC829 views2 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Photo

🟦🟦🟦🟦🟦 📘ZIYORAT VELOMARAFONI DAVOM ETMOQDA! HURMATLI PROFESSOR-O'QITUVCHILAR, ISHCHI-XODIMLAR, QADRLI TALABALAR! So‘nggi yillarda mamlakatimizda sportni rivojlantirish, aholi, ayniqsa yoshlar va mehnat jamoalarini sog‘lom turmush tarziga keng jalb etish davlat siyosatining muhim yo‘nalishiga aylandi. Prezidentimiz Shavkat Mirziyoyev tashabbusi bilan jismoniy tarbiya va ommaviy sportni rivojlantirish, har bir tashki

2

12 Aug 2026, 16:21 UTC307 views1 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Forwarded from @eduuzVideo

🇺🇿 “35 000 tashabbus” — Mustaqillikning 35 yilligiga bagʻishlangan mega loyihaga start berildi! Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligining 35 yilligi munosabati bilan Yoshlarning innovatsion tashabbuslarini qoʻllab-quvvatlash ofisi tomonidan “35 000 tashabbus” umummilliy loyihasi yoʻlga qoʻyildi. Siz ham yurtimiz rivojiga oʻz hissangizni qoʻshmoqchimisiz? Unda jamiyat va davlat taraqqiyotiga xizmat qiladigan innova

👍1

12 Aug 2026, 16:20 UTC836 views1 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Photo

👥👥👥👥👥👥 🇺🇿🇦🇹 BuxDU xalqaro maydonda: Avstriyada turizm va mehmondo‘stlik bo‘yicha tajriba almashinuvi Buxoro davlat universitetida xalqaro hamkorlikni kengaytirish, ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalarni ta’lim jarayoniga tatbiq etish hamda professor-o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy salohiyatini oshirish borasidagi ishlar izchil davom etmoqda. Shu maqsadda BuxDU Turizm va mehmonxona xo‘jaligi kafedrasi mudiri Yuldashev Kamol Sharifov

🔥1

12 Aug 2026, 15:45 UTC≈1,040 views3 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Photo

⚡️DIQQAT Texnikumni muvaffaqiyatli tamomlagan bitiruvchilar❗️ 🥳 Buxoro davlat universitetida Texnikumlarni muvaffaqiyatli tamomlagan bitiruvchilarni 2-bosqichdan shartnoma asosida o`qishga qabul qilish bo'yicha ta'lim yo'nalishlar kesimida imtihonlar topshiruvchilarning suhbat natijalari bilan tanishishingiz mumkin👇 Buxgalteriya hisobi Yurisprudensiya Turizm va mehmondo‘stlik Bank ishi Dasturiy injiniring Axborot

🔥3

12 Aug 2026, 12:46 UTC≈1,210 views4 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Forwarded from @buxdurektoriPhoto

✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️ 📘Yangi o‘quv yiliga izchil tayyorgarlik: BuxDU rektori fakultetdagi jarayonlar bilan yaqindan tanishdi Buxoro davlat universiteti rektori Obidjon Xamidov Tabiiy fanlar va agrobiotexnologiya fakultetida bo‘lib, yangi 2026/2027-o‘quv yiliga tayyorgarlik doirasida amalga oshirilayotgan ishlar, mavjud infratuzilma hamda ta’lim, ilm-fan va ishlab chiqarish integratsiyasiga qaratilgan amaliy jarayonlar bilan y

4

12 Aug 2026, 12:31 UTC963 views1 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Forwarded from @buxorouz_officialPhoto

🔵Hurmatli ommaviy axborot vositalari xodimlari, jurnalistlar va blogerlar! Joriy yilning 15-avgust kuni soat 09:00 da Abu Ali ibn Sino nomidagi Buxoro davlat tibbiyot instituti kichik majlislar zalida XIV xalqaro Ibn Sino o‘qishlari doirasida an’anaviy matbuot anjumani bo‘lib o‘tadi. Mazkur xalqaro tadbir doirasida Ibn Sino merosi, zamonaviy va an’anaviy tibbiyot, xalq tabobati hamda tibbiyot fanining rivojlanish i

👍1

12 Aug 2026, 12:00 UTC≈1,210 views6 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Photo

📣📣📣📣📣📣📣 📘 BUXDU — GERMANIYA: QO‘SHMA TA’LIM DASTURIGA QABUL! Buxoro davlat universitetida 2026/2027-o‘quv yili uchun Germaniyaning Göttingen universiteti (University of Göttingen) bilan hamkorlikdagi 1+1 magistratura qo‘shma ta’lim dasturiga qabul davom etmoqda. Yo‘nalish: Lingvistika: ingliz tili Qabul kvotasi: 40 nafar Ta’lim shakli: kunduzgi Ta’lim tili: ingliz tili Hamkor: University of Göttingen, Germaniya T

3👍2🔥1

12 Aug 2026, 10:52 UTC≈1,330 views14 reactionsread 13 August 2026
Photo

✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️ 📘“MENING OBOD XONADONIM”: OBODLIK OILADAN BOSHLANADI! Buxoro davlat universitetida davom etayotgan “Mening obod xonadonim” tanlovi doirasida universitet jamoasi vakillaridan foto va videomateriallar kelib tushmoqda. Navbatdagi material BuxDU Tabiiy fanlar va agrobiotexnologiya fakulteti o'qituvchisi Sattorova Mahfuzaning xonadonidan. Xonadonning ozodaligi, saranjom-sarishtaligi, ko‘kalamzorlashtirilgan

👍9🔥32

12 Aug 2026, 09:38 UTC363 views5 reactionsread 12 August 2026
Photo

✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️ 📘“MENING OBOD XONADONIM”: OBODLIK OILADAN BOSHLANADI! Buxoro davlat universitetida davom etayotgan “Mening obod xonadonim” tanlovi doirasida universitet jamoasi vakillaridan foto va videomateriallar kelib tushmoqda. Navbatdagi material BuxDU professori Umarov Baqo Baqoyevichning xonadonidan. Xonadonning ozodaligi, saranjom-sarishtaligi, ko‘kalamzorlashtirilgani va fayzli muhiti obodlik madaniyatining go

👏32

12 Aug 2026, 09:37 UTC332 views1 reactionsread 12 August 2026
Photo

👍👍👍👍👍👍👍 📘Buxoro davlat universiteti O'zbek tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi professori Dilrabo Quvvatovaning "Transforming Natural Science Education with AI and Biotechnology for the Next Generation of Environmental Stewards" nomli maqolasi Scopus ma'lumotlar bazasida Q1 kvartilga ega "Natural and Engineering Sciences" jurnalda e'lon qilindi. Mazkur tadqiqot tabiiy fanlar ta’limini rivojlantirish, xususan, biologiya va

1

12 Aug 2026, 07:30 UTC874 views4 reactionsread 12 August 2026
Photo

#Mustaqillik35 #Uzb35 📘Buxoro viloyati bo'ylab mustaqillik bayrami shukuhi hukm surmoqda! Yurtimizda "Yagona Vatan, yagona xalq bo‘lib, yangi hayot va kelajak yaratamiz!" ezgu g‘oyasi ostida keng nishonlanayotgan mustaqilligimizning 35 yilligi munosabati bilan Buxoro davlat universitetida ham bayramona muhit yaratildi. Universitet hududidagi bayramona ruh talaba-yoshlar qalbida milliy g‘urur, shukronalik va Yangi

3👍1

12 Aug 2026, 06:02 UTC≈1,010 views1 reactionsread 12 August 2026
Photo

⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️ 📘 ENERGIYA TEJAMKORLIK — BARQAROR KELAJAK SARI MUHIM QADAM! Energiya tejamkorlik — mavjud resurslardan oqilona foydalanish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish, atrof-muhitni asrash hamda barqaror rivojlanishga hissa qo‘shish demakdir. 🏫 Ta’lim muassasalarida energiyadan samarali foydalanish uchun: 💡 LED lampalar va tabiiy yorug‘likdan keng foydalanish; 🌡 isitish va sovitish tizimlarini optimallashtirish; ☀️ qa

👍1

Showing the 12 most recent of 64 posts we hold for @buxdu_uz. View and reaction counts are the latest single reading for each post, not a live figure, and a recent post is still accumulating both. A view count marked was rounded by Telegram before we ever saw it — t.me prints views in full below 1,000 and to three significant figures above, so ≈1,200,000 means somewhere between 1,150,000 and 1,249,999. Unmarked counts are exact. Text is reproduced from the public post preview and truncated for length.

Citation-graph rank

Citation-graph rank — 1,388 of 1,151,006entries in the measured graph. A weighted position computed from the forward and mention edges below — republished posts weigh more than named mentions — and recomputed periodically, over the whole graph. Published only as this ordinal position, never as a score: a position is a fact, and a score printed beside one channel’s name would read as a verdict this register does not make. The two counts beneath stay separate for the same reason mentions are never summed with forwards anywhere else on this page — a named-by count costs nothing to manufacture. The top 100 by this measure, or how it is computed.

Forward network

Republished by

Channels on the register that have forwarded this channel's posts into their own feed.

Tabiiy fanlar fakulteti || Rasmiy kanali
@BuxDU_tabiiy_fanlar · 58
8 posts
BuxDU_Yoshlari ||Rasmiy kanal
@BDU_yoshlar_ittifoqi · 7,618
5 posts
BuxDU Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish "Komplaens-nazorat" tizimini boshqarish bo'limi
@BuxDU_KorrupsiyagaQarshiKurash · 1,478
4 posts
💎BuxDU Tanlovlar, Klub va to'garaklar faoliyati
@BuxDU_Tanlovlar · 1,142
4 posts
BuxDU Volontyorlik markazi
@buxdu_volontyorlar · 17
4 posts
BuxDU Iqtidorli talabalari
@Iqtidorli_talabalar_sektori · 1,428
4 posts
BuxDU_tabiiy_agro_uz
@BuxDU_agro_uz · 728
3 posts
Fransuz filologiyasi ta'lim yo'nalishi (Département de Philologie française)
@FransuzFilologiyasi · 145
3 posts
BuxDU IT FACULTY NEWS
@ITnews_BuxDu · 229
3 posts
Pedagogik ta'lim fakulteti rasmiy kanali.
@MBT_fakulteti · 103
3 posts
Yoshlar Hayotidan
@Yoshlar_hayotidan · 7
3 posts
Ma'rifat maydoni
@Avloniy_izdoshlari · 85
2 posts
@amonov_83
@AzizbekAmonov83 · 209
2 posts
BuxDU Sport va san'at fakulteti rasmiy kanali
@BDU_jismoniy_madaniyat_fakulteti · 775
2 posts
BuxDUda xalqaro hamkorlik
@buxdu_grantlar · 1,495
2 posts
BuxDU~San'atshunoslik va Pedagogika
@buxdu_sanatshunoslik_pedagogika · 71
2 posts
Buxoro davlat universiteti talaba sport klubi
@buxdu_sport · 285
2 posts
BuxDU Volontyorlar markazi || Rasmiy kanal
@Buxdu_volontyorlari_kanali · 220
2 posts
𝔸𝕝𝕝 𝕚𝕟𝕗𝕠𝕣𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕚𝕤 𝓪𝓫𝓸𝓾𝓽 𝓶𝓮....!
@Information_me_019 · 42
2 posts
Bux_du Tyutorlar bo'limi 2023
@tyutor85 · 26
2 posts
𝕏𝕆ℝ𝕀𝕁𝕀𝕐 𝕋𝕀𝕃𝕃𝔸ℝ 𝔽𝔸𝕂𝕌𝕃𝕋𝔼𝕋𝕀 (BuxDU) rasmiy kanali
@XTF2025 · 218
2 posts
Abira Xuseynova
@abira_xuseynova · 279
1 post
💧Qorako'l - G'ijduvon maktabi
@ahdkarakulschool · 28
1 post
5 муҳим ташаббус тарғибот канали
@beshMuhimTashabbusKanali2019 · 237
1 post
ТАРИХ ВА ЮРИДИК ФАКУЛЬТЕТИ (БухДУ)
@BUXDU_TARIX_VA_YURIDIK · 1,220
1 post
BuxDU Zakovat Klubi
@Buxdu_zakovat_klub · 233
1 post
BuxDU - MA'NAVIYAT MANBAI | BIZ BILAN BIRGA BO‘LING
@BuxDUMANAVIYATMANBAI · 1,297
1 post
BuxDU Bandlik va karyera bo'limi kanali
@Buxdumarketing · 2,187
1 post
Ta'lim va fan xodimlari kasaba uyushmasi Respublika kengashi | Rasmiy
@talimfankasaba · 921
1 post
Volontyorlar
@volontyor1234 · 10
1 post
𝘽𝙪𝙭𝘿𝙐 𝙓𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙟𝙞𝙮 𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙧 𝙛𝙖𝙠𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙚𝙩𝙞
@Xorijiy_tillar_fakultet · 55
1 post

Built only from forwarded posts we have actually read, on both sides. Coverage is early and deliberately incomplete: a missing link means we have not read the post that would prove it, never that the relationship does not exist. Counts are distinct forwarded posts observed, so they only ever go up as we read more.

Mentions

Named by 47 registered channels — every channel on the register whose own posts have named this one, by its current username or any other username it currently holds, merged from two separately captured readings of the same fact so a namer caught by only one of them is not missed and a namer both caught is not counted twice. A username this channel has since dropped is not matched — that handle may belong to someone else now, and crediting today’s namer to yesterday’s owner would misattribute it. The 24 listed below are the most frequent namers; the rest are counted above but not each listed.

Named by

Channels on the register whose posts name this channel's handle.

Tabiiy fanlar fakulteti || Rasmiy kanali
@BuxDU_tabiiy_fanlar · 58
11 posts
BuxDU_Yoshlari ||Rasmiy kanal
@BDU_yoshlar_ittifoqi · 7,618
7 posts
𝘽𝙪𝙭𝘿𝙐 𝙓𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙟𝙞𝙮 𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙧 𝙛𝙖𝙠𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙚𝙩𝙞
@Xorijiy_tillar_fakultet · 55
6 posts
Obidjon Xamidov | Buxoro davlat universiteti rektori
@buxdurektori · 1,038
5 posts
BuxDU_tabiiy_agro_uz
@BuxDU_agro_uz · 728
4 posts
BuxDU Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish "Komplaens-nazorat" tizimini boshqarish bo'limi
@BuxDU_KorrupsiyagaQarshiKurash · 1,478
4 posts
💎BuxDU Tanlovlar, Klub va to'garaklar faoliyati
@BuxDU_Tanlovlar · 1,142
4 posts
BuxDU Iqtidorli talabalari
@Iqtidorli_talabalar_sektori · 1,428
4 posts
𝕏𝕆ℝ𝕀𝕁𝕀𝕐 𝕋𝕀𝕃𝕃𝔸ℝ 𝔽𝔸𝕂𝕌𝕃𝕋𝔼𝕋𝕀 (BuxDU) rasmiy kanali
@XTF2025 · 218
4 posts
Yoshlar.edu.uz
@yoshlareduuz · 84,449
4 posts
BuxDU Volontyorlik markazi
@buxdu_volontyorlar · 17
3 posts
Fransuz filologiyasi ta'lim yo'nalishi (Département de Philologie française)
@FransuzFilologiyasi · 145
3 posts
BuxDU IT FACULTY NEWS
@ITnews_BuxDu · 229
3 posts
Pedagogik ta'lim fakulteti rasmiy kanali.
@MBT_fakulteti · 103
3 posts
@amonov_83
@AzizbekAmonov83 · 209
2 posts
BuxDU Sport va san'at fakulteti rasmiy kanali
@BDU_jismoniy_madaniyat_fakulteti · 775
2 posts
BuxDUda xalqaro hamkorlik
@buxdu_grantlar · 1,495
2 posts
BuxDU~San'atshunoslik va Pedagogika
@buxdu_sanatshunoslik_pedagogika · 71
2 posts
Buxoro davlat universiteti talaba sport klubi
@buxdu_sport · 285
2 posts
ТАРИХ ВА ЮРИДИК ФАКУЛЬТЕТИ (БухДУ)
@BUXDU_TARIX_VA_YURIDIK · 1,220
2 posts
BuxDU Volontyorlar markazi || Rasmiy kanal
@Buxdu_volontyorlari_kanali · 220
2 posts
𝔸𝕝𝕝 𝕚𝕟𝕗𝕠𝕣𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕚𝕤 𝓪𝓫𝓸𝓾𝓽 𝓶𝓮....!
@Information_me_019 · 42
2 posts
JizPI online | rasmiy kanal
@jizpi_online · 10,306
2 posts
Bux_du Tyutorlar bo'limi 2023
@tyutor85 · 26
2 posts

A mention is a weaker signal than a forward and is counted separately for that reason — naming a channel is not republishing it, and a handle in a post body is easy to place deliberately. The post counts beside each row below are distinct posts in which the handle appeared, from posts we have read on both sides — the “Named by N registered channels” figure above is a different count, of distinct NAMING CHANNELS rather than posts, and is not the sum of the rows under it.

Cite this entry

A live page changes as we take new readings, so a citation should name the measurement it is based on, not just the URL. The line below cites the subscriber count as measured 12 August 2026 — this entry's latest reading, not the date you are reading this.

“BuxDU •БухГУ •BukhSU” (@buxdu_uz), 16,670 subscribers as measured 12 August 2026. Telegram Register, tgregister.com/channel/buxdu_uz.

Full measurement history, CC BY 4.0. Every reading this register holds for this entry, not just the latest one, as a dated, downloadable record: CSV · JSON. Free to use with attribution to tgregister.com. Each file carries its own generation timestamp, which is the figure to cite for exactly when the data was retrieved.